NOLA to NFL: Who Dat ® Your Daddy?

NFL backs off trademark claim to "Who Dat"

We weren’t the only ones who weighed in on the NFL’s questionable decision to claim trademark rights in “Who Dat”. As we reported, Senator David Vitter was all over the issue like a cheap suit, as was Louisiana Governor Jindal and his Attorney General Buddy Caldwell, according to reports here and here (among others). And the winners in the beat down are: common sense, reason, the Who Dat Nation, and just about everybody but the NFL.

Of course, the NFL couldn’t just cowboy up and fess up to a mess up. No, it sniffed that it wasn’t really trying to stop the widespread use of “Who Dat” – rather, it was just trying to prevent use of that phrase “only if a Who Dat item also contained NFL or Saints trademarks or if it is falsely claimed that an unauthorized item is affiliated with the Saints or NFL”, according to an MSNBC report.

Wait a minute. The Wall Street Journal’s WSJ.com reported that in late January the NFL had filed in Florida to register (under Florida’s local trademark laws) the expression “who dat” on apparel. And the Journal quoted the NFL’s blunt instrument cease-and-desist letter as saying that using “who dat” is likely to “confuse the purchasing public into believing” that items with the slogan are sponsored by the NFL. The Journal also quoted an NFL rep as saying that for 20 years the NFL has been “using and enforcing its rights in the ‘who dat’ mark to refer to Saints football”.   So the latest spin they’re trying to apply to their problem appears to be, well, spin.

Be that as it may, reason has apparently prevailed here, so now we can get back to the matter at hand: getting ready to stuff ourselves beyond belief on food and alcohol while a bunch of overly large men beat each other senseless.

And, we’ll remind you yet again, that the NFL does have a valid, registered trademark in the term “Super Bowl” and will, if prior experience is any indication, continue to prosecute unauthorized uses of that term to the fullest extent possible.

Who Dat ® Own Dat Trademark?

The NFL illustrates our point, again.

A couple of days ago we ran our annual alert about the fact that some folks – large professional sports organizations in particular – seem to be trying to take control of our language by registering as trademarks just about every word or phrase in sight . . . and then telling us we have to pay to use those words and phrases. For those who may not have believed us, check this out: reports out of New Orleans indicate that the NFL is claiming that “Who Dat” – long the catch-phrase of the Super Bowl-bound (oops, make that Super Bowl ®-bound) Saints, and before that a staple of minstrel shows and vaudeville acts back into the 1800s – is a registered NFL trademark. 

According to those reports, the NFL has gone after local Big Easy tee-shirt vendors, trying to get them to stop selling their own home-grown “Who Dat” tees. Seems a bit heavy-handed, particularly in view of the hard times folks in N’awlins have suffered in recent years. (That’s what Senator David Vitter thought, at least. He fired off a letter to the NFL advising that he is printing up, for sale, a bunch of tee shirts emblazoned with the message “WHO DAT say we can’t print Who Dat!” His message to the NFL: “Please either drop your present ridiculous position [asserting control of “Who Dat”] or sue me.”)

“Ridiculous” seems about right to describe the NFL’s practice of going after local business owners for something like this. That’s especially so when any rational person would understand that this is one of those situations where you're better off cultivating support for one of your more hard-luck franchises, even if it costs you a few bucks here or there.  

But for our purposes here at CommLawBlog.com, it helps us make our point: if the NFL is willing to swim against the tide of goodwill that’s flowed into New Orleans since Hurricane Katrina, you should figure that the NFL will be perfectly happy to go after you for misuse of “Super Bowl” – darn, we messed up again – “Super Bowl ®”. Who dat ® say you haven’t been warned?

"Super Bowl ®" - Emphasis on the "®"

Our annual cautionary reminder about trademark protection

Hmmmm. Rumour has it that there’s some kind of important football game coming up in a week or so, down in Miami (the anglicized spelling is another nod to the fact that I don’t consider this “real football”). 

That means it’s time for the obligatory reminder that the term “Super Bowl ®” has been registered as a trademark by the NFL, so using the term without the NFL’s permission . . . yadda, yadda, yadda, serious financial penalties for infringement.

There’s a term for this type of recurring annual story in the journalism world: “evergreen”.   Rather than waste your time and ours, we’ll simply link to the story we posted on this issue last yearJust substitute “Colts” and “Saints” for “Steelers” and “Cardinals”. The legal principles remain exactly the same.

We should also point out that the NFL is not the only organization which has managed to stake a claim to particular words or phrases that get considerable public attention periodically. For example, just over the horizon but closing in fast we have the “Olympics ®”, the “Oscars ®”, and the “FIFA World Cup ®” (you know, the real football). And there are lots more where these came from. Some trademark owners are more obnoxious than others about enforcing their rights in the mark against every little Tom, Dick or Harry – the NFL’s hard-nosed efforts along those lines are quasi-legendary. Still, the fact is that, by jumping through the trademark registration hoops, these folks have obtained the right to control the use of their marks to a significant degree. They have also obtained the right to sue anyone who infringes on their marks. You should contact us if you have any questions as to whether a term by which you might ordinarily refer to a major event – sporting or otherwise – is a registered trademark subject to these limitations.

The preceding has been brought to you as a public service by CommLawBlog ®.

If You Play Your Cards Right, You Can Cover the Game and Steel be Super

Apparently there is some kind of big football game upon us. Not really caring for the sport myself and wanting to stay out of trouble, I won't actually say the name of the game or the teams involved.  What's that?  You didn't know about the implications of using the NFL's registered trademarks without their permission? 

Actually, I can write freely about the fact that the Arizona Cardinals will be playing the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLIII in Tampa, FL on Sunday, February 1 (and I'll actually be watching, if only for the halftime show featuring Bruce Springsteen).  Your publications and stations can broadcast or write too, provided you take care to limit use of the terms to situations that fall within the concept of "nominative fair use".   That generally requires three things: 

  1. You must use the actual  trademarked term (i.e., "Super Bowl", "Super Sunday", "NFL" or team names) to identify what your'e talking or writing about
     
  2. You only use the trademarked term as necessary for identification purposes and do not engage in gratutious use
     
  3. You do not use the trademarked term to suggest any sort of sponsorship or endorsement connection.

So, clearly, you can mention the Super Bowl and team names without Goodell's goons blitzing you.  The most obvious permitted use is in the context of a legitimate news story.  But other discussion within the confines of (1), (2), and (3) above is OK as well.  Morning show DJs can discuss who they think will win the game -- but they can't create a station contest or viewing party around the game that uses any of the NFL's trademarked terms. You should also take care to review advertising bought in your papers or on your station to make sure that the advertisers aren't running afoul of these rules either. 

The NFL takes this very seriously and does not hesitate to protect their trademark rights, as many stations find out each year (it is, after all, referred to by many as the "No Fun League").   So don't get a flag thrown on you for stepping out of bounds on this one.  Trademark infringement will cost you a lot more than just 15 yards...

(By the way, what you've just read is true for pretty much every major sporting event -- such as "March Madness" and the World Series -- so, rather than coming back here in March or October, just substitute a new, equally corny sports analogy of your own and keep the legal lessons in mind. Try it: 

"So don't get a technical foul called on you for stepping on the baseline.  Trademark infringement will cost you a lot more than just 2 free throws and possession..."

"So don't balk on this one.  Trademark infringement will cost you a lot more than just a free base.")

Simon Socking it to Seiko?

According to this article, the Rock and Roll Hall of Famer is suing timepiece maker Seiko for copyright infringement based on Seiko's use of the melody to "Bridge Over Troubled Water" as the wakeup chime for a line of alarm clocks.   The lesson behind this one is clear:  copyright infringement is not limited to unauthorized copying or performance of songs in their exact format.  Transforming a song into a ringtone or other limited use commercial format, including alarm clock chimes, whether one is using the entire song or just a few notes, is a bad idea (you can discount the notion of fair use when you're using "just a little bit") to sell over 100,000 alarm clocks... 

But, we can't let this go without noting the other very bad decisions Seiko made here. 

There are so many questions to be asked, including: 

Why "Bridge over Troubled Water"? Isn't "Wake Up Little Suzie" more appropriate? or a series of choices based on particular theme that might include: 

"Wednesday Morning, 3 AM" (for those early risers)

"Bye, Bye Love" (for those who might need to rush out on a partner)

"Fifty Ways to Leave Your Lover" (for those that might need to rush out on a partner he/she just met the night before)

"The Sound of Silence" (that which most of us really want to hear instead of the alarm at that time of day).

 

Ads Away . . . DVR Use Could Expand After Court Ruling

Score one for the cable guys...a big one.  A federal appeals court in New York has ruled that a cable company violates no copyrights when it provides virtual digital video recorder services, commonly known as "network DVRs".  Network DVRs store programming on the cable company's computers.  That means TIVO-like service without the need of a separate box hooked up directly to the customer's TV set.

The decision, from the Second Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, potentially expands customer options, making any digital cable box or two-way TV into a DVR gateway.  For cable providers, it means the cost of providing DVR services will likely be less, potentially cutting the monthly fee needed for a solid return on investment.  If prices go down, subscriber numbers could go up, with a consequent increase in overall bottom-line for the cable guys.

In the traditional DVR-sitting-on-the-customer's-TV approach, inventory, delivery, installation and setup of individual DVR boxes are all costly factors.  By contrast, network DVR services, once available, can be remotely installed without a home visit, and without the need for keeping stacks of DVRs on the shelves.

But for program providers - whether cable channels or over-the-air broadcasters - increased DVR use could mean more commercials get zapped.  DVR services make it very easy to fast forward through unwanted content, like commercials, in seconds or even split-seconds.   This means even more downward economic pressure on the traditional sponsorship model for broadcasters and many conventional cablecasters.

No word yet whether network DVR opponents involved in this case, including the four major broadcast nets and CNN, plan any further appeals.  Ultimately, the entire matter rests on a Supreme Court ruling from the early days of consumer video cassettes.  That decades-old decision held that "time shifting" by TV viewers recording on VCRs constituted "fair use" of copyrighted materials.  (Under copyright law, a "fair use" does not give rise to additional copyright royalty liability.)   A successful appeal would have to convince the court that there is a legally meaningful distinction between (a) speedy digital time-shifting by DVR and (b) the more cumbersome mechanical time-shifting via video tape.

The Second Circuit decision finds in effect that time-shifting is time-shifting is time-shifting.  Broadcasters and cablecasters are now confronted with essentially two choices:  find ways to maintain revenue streams despite increased commercial-zapping, or mount a persuasive, last-ditch attack in the courts showing that, for copyright law purposes, time-shifting on a DVR is not a "fair use".  If solid distinctions between digital and old-fashioned cassette recording technologies can't be established, the appellants would likely have to get the VCR precedent overruled.  That would not be a small task.